References

Additional sources and materials

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 2 Sm.: Lyubimenko II. Torgovye snosheniya Rossii s Angliej i Gollandiej s 1553 po 1649 god // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Ser. 7: Otdelenie obschestvennykh nauk. 1933. № 10. S. 736-737, 744—747.
 3 Kahan A. The Plow, the Hammer, and Knout: An Economic History of Eighteenth-Century Russia. Chicago; L., 1985. P. 166.
 4 Safronov A. Kommercheskoe i promyshlennoe polozhenie Rossii. SPb., 1854. S. 5-6.
 5 Kulisher I.M. Istoriya russkoj torgovli do devyatnadtsatogo veka vklyuchitel'no. Pg., 1923. S. 191-192; Pokrovskij S.A. Vneshnyaya torgovlya i vneshnyaya torgovaya politika Rossii. M., 1947. S. 118; Sarychev V.G. Russko-anglijskie ehkonomicheskie otnosheniya v XVIII veke: K voprosu o roli russkogo ehksporta v ehkonomike Anglii. Dis. ... kand. ehkon. nauk. M., 1953; on zhe. Rol' russkogo metalla v ehkonomike Anglii v XVIII veke // Sbornik nauchnykh rabot Leningradskogo instituta sovetskoj torgovli im. F. Ehngel'sa. Vyp. 8. L., 1955. S. 120-131; on zhe. Russkie korablestroitel'nye materialy v ehkonomike Anglii XVIII veka // Tam zhe. Vyp. 14. L., 1958. S. 102-123; Lebedev V.V. Russko-anglijskie torgovye otnosheniya i dogovor 1734 g. // Uchyonye zapiski MGU. Vyp. 167. M., 1954. S. 121-132; Yakovtsevskij V.N. Torgovlya // Ocherki istorii SSSR. Rossiya vo vtoroj polovine XVIII v. M., 1956. S. 126; Medvedev Yu.S. Russko-anglijskie otnosheniya v seredine XVIII veka (1748-1763). Dis.... kand. ist. nauk. M., 2004. S. 124-147.
 6 Sm., v chastnosti: Kahan A. The Plow, the Hammer, and the Knout..; idem. Russian Economic History: The Nineteenth Century. Chicago, 1989.
 1 Kahan A. Eighteenth-Century Russian-British Trade: Russia’s Contribution to the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain // Great Britain and Russia in the Eighteenth Century. Newtonville (Mass.), 1979. P. 181-189.
 8 Newman J. Russian Foreign Trade, 1680-1780: The British Contribution. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. University of Edinburgh, 1985; idem. AVery Delicate Experiment: British Mercantile Strategies for Financing Trade in Russia, 1680-1780 // Industry and Finance in Early Modem History: Essays Presented to George Hammersley on the Occasion of his 74th Birthday / Ed. by I. Blanchard, A. Goodman, J. Newman. Stuttgart, 1992. P. 116-141; idem. The Russian Grain Trade, 1700-1779 // The Baltic Grain Trade / Ed. by W. Minchinton. Exeter, 1985. P. 47-59.
 9 Anderson M.S. The Continental System and Russo-British Relations during the Napoleonic Wars // Studies in International History / Ed. by K. Bourne, D.C. Watt. L., 1967. P. 73-74.
 10 Macmillan D.S. The Scottish-Russian Trade: Its Development, Fluctuations, and Difficulties 1750-1796 // Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 1970. Vol. 4. № 3. P. 426-442; idem. Problems in the Scottish Trade with Russia in the Eighteenth Century: A Study in Mercantile Frustration // Great Britain and Russia in the Eighteenth Century. P. 164-180; idem. Paul’s Retributive Measures of 1800 against Britain: The Final Turning-Point in British Commercial Attitudes towards Russia // Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 1973. Vol. 1. P. 68-77.
 11 Kaplan N.N. Russia’s Impact on the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century: The Significance of International Commerce // Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte. Bd. 29. Berlin, 1981. S. 7-59; idem. Russian Overseas Commerce with Great Britain during the Reign of Catherine II. Philadelphia, 1995. P. 272-273.
 12 Zlotnikov M.F. Kontinental'naya blokada i Rossiya. M.; JL, 1966. S. 129-136; PSZ-1. T. 32. №25197.
 13 Ikh sravnitel'nyj analiz pokazyvaet, chto oni ne tol'ko utochnyayut, no i dopolnyayut drug druga. V chastnosti, anglijskaya statistika uchityvala ehksport, postupavshij iz Rossii na korablyakh nejtral'nykh stran. Sm.: Pak Ch.-B. Istochniki o rossijskom ehksporte v Velikobritaniyu v 1760-1825 gg. // Klio. 2004. № 4(27). S. 72-79.
 14 Imeyutsya lish' otryvochnye dannye o dole anglijskogo ehksporta v ehksporte iz Peterburga: Kulisher I.M. Ukaz. soch. S. 190-192; Pokrovskij S.A. Ukaz. soch. S. 118-119; Yakovtsevskij V.N. Ukaz. soch. S. 127-128.
 15 Za 1760-1779 i 1808-1811 gg. - srednegodovye peterburgskie tseny, a v 1790-1807, 1812— 1825 gg. - srednerossijskie.
 16 Sm.: Macartney G. An Account of Russia. L., 1768.
 17 Sm.: Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1828-1830] god.
 18 Brodel' F. Material'naya tsivilizatsiya, ehkonomika i kapitalizm XV-XVIII vv. V 3 t. T. 3. M., 1992. S. 359-360.
 19 Sm.: Kennedy P.M. The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery. L., 1983. P. 103-109; The Cambridge History of India: In 6 vols. Vol. 5: British India 1497-1858 / Ed. by H.H. Dodwell. Cambridge, 1968. P. 157-165; Chaudhuri K.N. The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company 1660-1760. Cambridge, 1978. P. 388-396.
 20 Davis R. The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century. L., 1962. P. 27.
 21 Russko-britanskie torgovye otnosheniya v XVIII veke / Sost. A.V. Dyomkin. M., 1994. S. 62.
 22 Pak Ch.-B. Ukaz. soch. S. 72-79.
 23 Tol'ko v 1777-1785, 1796-1800 i 1816-1820 gg. ehksport l'na v Velikobritaniyu iz Peterburga, Arkhangel'ska i Rigi okazalsya men'she britanskogo importa l'na, poskol'ku lyon v bol'shom kolichestve vyvozilsya i cherez narvskij, pernovskij i drugie porty (UKNA. FO 65/48, 50).
 24 Vavilov I. Besedy russkogo kuptsa o torgovle. SPb., 1845. S. 43-44, 57.
 25 The Dictionary of Merchandise and Nomenclature in All Languages for the Use of Counting-Houses. Philadelphia, 1805. P. 127-129,163-164; Crosby A. W. America, Russia, Hemp, andNapoleon: American Trade with Russia and the Baltic, 1783-1812. Columbus, 1965. P. 15.
 26 Kaplan N.N. Russia’s Impact... R 30-31, 51.
 27 Vavilov I. Ukaz. soch. S. 134.
 28 Kahan A. The Plow, the Hammer and the Knout... P. 203.
 29 Brodel' F. Ukaz. soch. T. 1. M., 1986. S. 387-388.
 30 Naprimer, v vedomostyakh ehksporta v Peterburge v 1780-e gg. podrobno opisyvalos' okolo 60 raznykh vidov lesomaterialov, kotorye vyvozilis' cherez peterburgskij port. Prichyom tseny na machtovye materialy razlichalis' ot 30 do 200 rub. za shtuku: RGADA, f. 1261, op. 6, d. 1033, l. 7-8; d. 1080, l. 40-41; d. 1129, l. 1-2, 8-9.
 31 Kaplan N.N. Russian Overseas Commerce. P. 108.
 32 Vavilov I. Ukaz. soch. S. 137-138.
 33 CrosbyA.W. Op. cit. P. 14—15.
 34 Vavilov I. Ukaz. soch. S. 118.
 35 Kaplan N.N. Russia’s Impact... P. 23.
 36 Crosby A.W. Op. cit. P. 16.
 37 Cm.: KahanA. The Plow, the Hammer and the Knout... P. 184.
 38 Sm., naprimer: Grigorova-Zakharova S.P. Torgovlya zhelezom Golitsynykh vo vtoroj polovine XVIII v. i eyo ehkonomicheskie usloviya. Dis. ... kand. ist. nauk. M., 1953. S. 295-298.
 39 The Dictionary of Merchandise... P. 334; Vavilov I. Ukaz. soch. S. 12, 29.
 40 Falkus M.E. The Early Development of the British Gas Industry, 1790-1815// Economic History Review. 1982. Vol. 35. № 2. P. 218.
 41 Sm.: Tooke T., Newmarch W. A History of Prices and of the State of the Circulation, from 1793 (to the Present Time). Vol. 2. L., 1838. P. 391.
 42 Sm.: Vol'skij M. Ocherk istorii khlebnoj torgovli Novorossijskogo kraya s drevnejshikh vremyon do 1852 goda. Odessa, 1854. S. 56-60; Mironov B.N. Ehksport russkogo khleba vo vtoroj polovine XVIII - nachale XIX v. // Istoricheskie zapiski. T. 93. M., 1974. S. 166-173; Kahan A. The Plow, the Hammer and the Knout... P. 191.
 43 Melvin F.E. Napoleon’s Navigation System: A Study of Trade Control during the Continental Blockade. N.Y., 1919. P. 17-18.
 44 Zlotnikov M.F. Ukaz. soch. S. 129-130.
 45 PSZ-I. T. 29. № 22653, 22664.
 46 Zlotnikov M.F. Ukaz. soch. S. 137-138.
 47 Kukiel M. Baltic Problems of the war of 1812 // Baltic and Scandinavian Countries. 1938. Vol. 4. № 1. P. 10; Sirotkin V.G. Kontinental'naya blokada i russkaya ehkonomika (obzor frantsuzskoj i sovetskoj literatury) // Voprosy voennoj istorii Rossii. XVIII - pervaya polovina XIX veka. M, 1969. S. 69.
 48 Kukiel M. Op. cit. R. 10-11.
 49 Gosudarstvennaya [vneshnyaya] torgovlya v raznykh eyo vidakh na [1802-1807, 1812-1850] god. SPb, 1802-1851.
 50 Zlotnikov M.F. Ukaz. soch. S. 155. Podrobnee sm.: Inglis J. Commerce as It Was, Is, and Ought to Be. L, 1811. P. 38; Anderson M.S. Op. cit. P. 71; Ryan A.N. Trade with the Enemy in the Scandinavian and Baltic Ports during the Napoleonic War: For and against // Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Vol. 12. 1962. P. 128-129.
 51 Tsena na frakht pri ehtom zametno vozrosla. Esli v mirnoe vremya dostavka tonny pen'ki iz Peterburga v London stoila 2 f. sterl, to osen'yu 1809 g. - uzhe 30 (Anderson MS. Op. cit. P. 74).
 52 RuppenthalR. Denmark and the Continental System//Journal of Modem History. 1943. Vol. 15. № 1. P. 16. Professional'nye moshenniki delali ehti bumagi stol' khorosho, chto bylo trudno dokazat' poddelku. Sm.: RyanA.N. Op. cit. P. 138.
 53 Sm.: Tooke T., Newmarch W. Op. cit. P. 391.
 54 Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1828-1830] god.
 55 Warden AJ. The Linen Trade, Ancient and Modem. Ed. 2. L., 1867. P. 100-101.
 56 S 1795 g., kogda v sostav imperii voshli kurlyandskie porty Vindava i Libava, iz kotorykh vyvozilos' nemalo l'na, dolya Rigi i Peterburga stala umen'shat'sya. General'nye balansovye vedomosti nachali uchityvat' Vindavu i Libavu s 1796 g. Sm.: RGIA, f. 1341, on. 1, d. 20, l. 4.
 57 Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1828-1830] god.
 58 Sm.: Tooke T., Newmarch W. Op. cit. P. 391.
 59 Davis R. The Industrial Revolution and British Overseas Trade. Leicester, 1979. P. 47—49.
 60 Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1828-1830] god.
 61 Sm.: King P. The Production and Consumption of Bar Iron in Early Modem England and Wales // Economic History Review. 2005. Vol. 58. № 1. P. 7.
 62 Crafts N.F.R. British Economic Growth during the Industrial Revolution. Oxford, 1985. P. 23.
 63 Davis R. The Industrial Revolution... P. 24, 64.
 64 Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1828-1830] god.
 65 Falkus M.E. Op. cit. R. 219.
 66 Sm.; Post J.D. A Study in Meteorological and Trade Cycle History: The Economic Crisis Following the Napoleonic Wars // Journal of Economic History. 1974. Vol. 34. № 2. P. 320-332.
 67 V pervoj polovine XVIII v. Angliya ne tol'ko sama sebya obespechivala zernom, no i vyvozila ego. Import nachalsya v 1760-e gg. i v dal'nejshem lish' nabiral oboroty. Sm.: Mitchell B.R. Abstract of British Historical Statistics. Cambridge, 1971. P. 94—95.
 68 Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1821-1845] god.
 69 Mitchell B.R. Op. cit. P. 94-95.
 70 Davis R. The Industrial Revolution... P. 40.
 71 Mitchell B.R. Op. cit. P. 98-101.
 72 Zolotov B.A. Khlebnyj ehksport Rossii cherez porty Chyornogo i Azovskogo morej v 60-90-e gody XIX v. Rostov n/D., 1966. S. 205-208.
 73 Stanislavskaya A.M. Anglo-russkie otnosheniya v kontse XVIII v. // Doklady i soobscheniya Instituta istorii AN SSSR. 1957. Vyp. 12. S. 109-111.
 74 Anderson M.S. Op. cit. P. 73-74; Kaplan H.H. Russian Overseas Commerce... P. 272-273.
 75 Gosudarstvennaya vneshnyaya torgovlya... na [1828-1850] god.