The changes that currently take place in conceptual foundations of social philosophy are considered by the author through the prism of those transformations that take place in its methodological functions nowadays. Having lost sight of the historical perspective of society’s movement, modern social philosophy almost completely abandoned the claim to build universal structures and actually broke up into separate concepts, that grasp certain aspects of a person's being in the existing social environment. It is intensively dissolved in theoretical sociology and cultural studies, losing the status of the methodological basis of social-humanitarian knowledge. Social philosophy has abandoned the normative-supervisory, standardising role in relation to social-humanitarian research, but instead offered only a statement of social relativity of knowledge about society. Meanwhile, in various fields of social-humanitarian research, we can find references to philosophical-methodological tools that open up a different understanding of the prospects of social philosophy. In a number of research areas of psychology, historical science, in the complex of sciences on language, in particular, in narratology, methodology is included in the research work not as a set of universal norms, standardising scientific knowledge from the outside, but as a tool, orienting and structuring specific research. In the centre of methodological attention are here, first of all, the moment of expression of knowledge, that provides its hermeneutic interpretation and understanding by members of the scientific community. And the very scientific knowledge appears in this case as the development of a special type of language focused on common or general significance. Among other things, this understanding of the methodology of social-humanitarian research focuses us on the idea, which was once outlined by Russian philosophers of the beginning of the twentieth century – the idea of communication as a synthesising basis for philosophical understanding of society. The peculiarity of this idea is that it emphasises the existential loading of communication in contrast to informational interaction.