The author analyzes the basic categories of social science that they are using for studying as of the dynamics of cultural identity as of the multicultural community by itself. The article is also devoted to study of the basic foundations of the civil identity of the Russia's society. The author uses the system-communicative paradigm that was widespread by N. Luhmann and applies to such categories as "freedom", "legitimacy", "recognition" in order to study the factors of reproduction of collective identity, representation and self-consciousness of the political nation. It is noted in the article that Russian society is facing the challenges of globalization so the traditional urban way of life is changing. Such a way of life used to keep national samples of culture, language, traditions and values and played the role of the “mediator” of the intercultural communication and set the boundaries of the intercultural interaction. The on-going intensification of intercultural interaction often leads to the actualization of the political projects, that declare the ideas and goals of the support and protection of the particular ethnocultural groups. Which in turn could serve as a catalyst for centrifugal tendencies, generating threats to the state's security and integrity.